College of Humanities & Social Sciences

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    A comparative analysis of the effect of employees’ commitment on organisational performance (a case study of some selected private and public banks in Kumasi).
    (KNUST, 2016-11) Kyei, Elvis
    The world is in a dilemma as to the disparities in commitment among the private and the public sector. It is premised upon this backdrop that the study was conducted to undertake a comparative analysis of what determines employees commitment to work and its effect on organizational performance among the private and the public sector. The objectives of the study were to identify any difference in employees’ commitment between public and private sector employees and to assess the effect of employees’ commitment on organizational performance. The literature review looked at the types of commitment, commitment and work behaviour, organisational actions that encourage commitment and drivers of employee commitment as well as job satisfaction. A simple random sampling method was used to select a sample size of 100 in the administration of questionnaires. Primary Data was gathered through the administration of questionnaires from employees. Data collected was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The study found that there exists a statistically significant difference between the commitment of employees in public and private institutions. The study further revealed that there exist a positive but statistically significant elationship between employee commitment and organisational performance. Further, the study found that there exists a strong, positive and statistically significant relationship between employee satisfaction, employee commitment and organisational performance as well as job satisfaction. It was recommended performance based reward system be put in place to replace the current salary structure to encourage commitment among employees. Also, targets should be set for employees so that commitment can be channeled towards meeting targets. Lastly, intrinsic motivational factors should be implemented to boost employee self-motivation.
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    A comparative study of the working capital policies of Goil and total company limited, Ghana.
    (KNUST, 2016-08) TUTU, VIVIAN OSEI
    The study mainly aimed at investigating the trend of inventory conversion period, receivables conversion period, payables deferral period, cash conversion cycle as a measure of working capital management and the working capital management strategy being followed by GOIL and Total Petroleum Ghana. The study mainly used secondary source of data studying the financial statements for a five year period from 2011-2015. The study revealed that GOIL had an average inventory conversion period of 5.76 days with receivables conversion period of 40.78 days. The payables deferral period was 53.87 days. Total Petroleum Ghana also had 4.36 days, 42.78 days and 53.15 days respectively for inventory, receivables and payables conversion periods. A negative cash conversion cycle was recorded both GOIL and Total Petroleum Ghana. The main types of products offered by GOIL are fuels and special products. Total Petroleum Ghana offers these same products apart from liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). The main customers of the companies were identified as dealers, consumers and resellers while the main suppliers are TOR, chase petroleum and Cyrus. The average current asset to total assets ratio for GOIL was 0.65 while that of Total Petroleum Ghana was 0.68.The current liability to total assets ratio was averagely 0.70 for GOIL whilst that of Total Petroleum Ghana was 0.68. Total Petroleum Ghana pursued a conservative and aggressive (mixed) working capital management policy (investment and financing respectively) due to its percentage of commitment of current assets and current liabilities to total assets. Similarly, GOIL pursue same strategies in terms of financing and investment policies but slightly ahead of Total. There are significant differences in the cash conversion cycles of two companies. However, there are no significant differences in the working capital management strategy or policy pursued by the two oil marketing companies listed on the stock exchange. The study recommended that the companies reduce the payables deferral periods in order to enjoy some trade discounts. Again, future research should look at more than one company for a longer period of time so that a regression analysis conducted to determine the effect of working capital management on profitability of firms.
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    A Macro-Micro Analysis of Stigma in Buruli Ulcer and Yaws in the Atwima Mponua District of Ghana
    (KNUST, 2023-01) Tuwor, Ruth Dede
    Stigma related to Neglected Tropical Diseases has been a global concern for several decades now. Notwithstanding, it has remained an issue, contributing to poorer health outcomes and posing a significant psychosocial burden on patients and their care-givers. However, studies have remained sparse and aimed at investigating stigma in selected singular diseases within limited social contexts. This study therefore aimed to holistically explore stigma associated with buruli ulcer and yaws. A concurrent mixed methods design was adopted. Three-hundred and eighty-four (384) community members from 16 communities within the Atwima Mponua district were surveyed to understand community knowledge, beliefs and attitudes reinforcing stigma. Additionally, in-depth interviews were conducted for 31 past and active buruli ulcer and yaws patients to explore the experiences, effects and coping strategies they used in managing stigma. Misconceptions in community knowledge were associated with stigmatizing attitudes towards patients. Levels and types of stigma however, varied between buruli ulcer and yaws. Common manifestations of stigma were exclusion from group participation, name-calling, teasing, discrimination and avoidance. Stigma experiences led to negative effects including psychosocial burden, academic underachievement and strained social relationships between affected people and social groups. However, increased health seeking behavior was also recorded as patients sought to overcome disease stigma attaining cure. However, patients coped with stigma through problem focused (concealment, confrontation, selective disclosure and information management) and emotion-focused strategies (religion and self-isolation), which contributed to mental health suffering among patients Education is required to increase community knowledge and awareness of skin NTDs. There is the need to incorporate and strengthen psychosocial measures in the management of affected persons
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    A principal component analysis on marketing 2.0 on business performance in ghana
    (KNUST, 2023) Mensah-Aboagye Aaron
    . The study analysed the impact of marketing 2.0 on business performance in Ghana. Marketing 2.0 has become an integral part of most business' communication strategies, and for a long time, marketing had been mainly focused on the traditional aspect, but has since adapted to ii new contexts such as online platforms, with the emergence of user generated content. Again, marketing 2.0, which involves interactive communication between consumers and businesses. Many supermarkets perceive social media as unprofitable, as they are unaware of its benefits in terms of customer relations and ROI. The study focused on a Principal Component Analysis of marketing 2.0 and its effect on business performance in Ghana. Questionnaires (Likert scale questionnaire was used for data collection) would be employed. Secondary data would be retrieved from journals and scientific reports, articles, academic papers. Data gathered was presented in tables and bar charts using Business Management Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 26 for hypothesis testing, correlation analysis, and regression analysis. Data was collected from 240 workers of Nestle Ghana Limited - Accra Metropolis. Convenience sampling method was used to select the respondents. Data was analysed quantitatively. The results revealed that there is very strong positive correlation between marketing 2.0 and supermarket performance. The correlation values were 0.00 denoting statistically significant relationship as marketing 2.0 is the latest trend in marketing that focuses on leveraging digital and social media platforms to reach customers and drive sales. It involves using a customercentric approach to engage with customers, personalizing content and messaging, and leveraging data to create more effective campaigns. Therefore, it was recommended that researching on how digital technologies can be used to boost supermarket performance is essential as technology develops further and new digital solutions become accessible. Key The study analysed the impact of marketing 2.0 on business performance in Ghana. Marketing 2.0 has become an integral part of most business' communication strategies, and for a long time, marketing had been mainly focused on the traditional aspect, but has since adapted to ii new contexts such as online platforms, with the emergence of user generated content. Again, marketing 2.0, which involves interactive communication between consumers and businesses. Many supermarkets perceive social media as unprofitable, as they are unaware of its benefits in terms of customer relations and ROI. The study focused on a Principal Component Analysis of marketing 2.0 and its effect on business performance in Ghana. Questionnaires (Likert scale questionnaire was used for data collection) would be employed. Secondary data would be retrieved from journals and scientific reports, articles, academic papers. Data gathered was presented in tables and bar charts using Business Management Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 26 for hypothesis testing, correlation analysis, and regression analysis. Data was collected from 240 workers of Nestle Ghana Limited - Accra Metropolis. Convenience sampling method was used to select the respondents. Data was analysed quantitatively. The results revealed that there is very strong positive correlation between marketing 2.0 and supermarket performance. The correlation values were 0.00 denoting statistically significant relationship as marketing 2.0 is the latest trend in marketing that focuses on leveraging digital and social media platforms to reach customers and drive sales. It involves using a customercentric approach to engage with customers, personalizing content and messaging, and leveraging data to create more effective campaigns. Therefore, it was recommended that researching on how digital technologies can be used to boost supermarket performance is essential as technology develops further and new digital solutions become accessible.
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    A principal component analysis on marketing 2.0 on business performance in ghana
    (KNUST, 2023) Mensah Aaron Aboagye
    The study analyzed the impact of marketing 2.0 on business performance in Ghana. Marketing 2.0 has become an integral part of most business' communication strategies, and for a long time, marketing had been mainly focused on the traditional aspect, but has since adapted to ii new contexts such as online platforms, with the emergence of user generated content. Again, marketing 2.0, which involves interactive communication between consumers and businesses. Many supermarkets perceive social media as unprofitable, as they are unaware of its benefits in terms of customer relations and roi. The study focused on a principal component analysis of marketing 2.0 and its effect on business performance in Ghana. Questionnaires (likert scale questionnaire was used for data collection) would be employed. Secondary data would be retrieved from journals and scientific reports, articles, academic papers. Data gathered was presented in tables and bar charts using business management statistical package for social sciences version 26 for hypothesis testing, correlation analysis, and regression analysis. Data was collected from 240 workers of nestle Ghana limited - Accra metropolis. Convenience sampling method was used to select the respondents. Data was analyzed quantitatively. The results revealed that there is very strong positive correlation between marketing 2.0 and supermarket performance. The correlation values were 0.00 denoting statistically significant relationship as marketing 2.0 is the latest trend in marketing that focuses on leveraging digital and social media platforms to reach customers and drive sales. It involves using a customercentric approach to engage with customers, personalizing content and messaging, and leveraging data to create more effective campaigns. Therefore, it was recommended that researching on how digital technologies can be used to boost supermarket performance is essential as technology develops further and new digital solutions become accessible. Keywords: marketing 2.0, business performance, social media marketing
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    A study on stakeholder activities in the cocoa industry: evidence from the western north region
    (KNUST, 2023) TANDOH ERIC THEOPHILUS
    Cocoa is a crucial commodity that confers several socioeconomic benefits to nations. The cocoa growing industry has many players or stakeholders who play specific roles to ensure efficiency and enhanced productivity within the industry. The aim of the current study was to explore the activities of the stakeholders within the cocoa industry in the Suaman District of the Western North Region. To achieve this goal, the study employed an exploratory research design and collected primary data to test the relationships of interest through the administration of questionnaires. A total of 100 participants comprising 50 local cocoa farmers and 50 staff of various lbcs were recruited for the study using the convenient and purposive sampling technique. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for the analysis of the data gathered. Analysis of the results revealed that “planting shading trees or plants as protective cover for seedlings” was the most performed activity among cocoa farmers while “creating of fire belt around cocoa farms” was the least performed. In terms of activities of stakeholders, “in the event of accident your company shares risks with COCOBOD” recorded the lowest mean score while “your organization is affected by the overall outputs of cocoa farmers” had the highest mean score. The study recommends that future studies must use wider geographical area to explore the relations of interest. Future studies must also include other stakeholders within the cocoa industry to ascertain their roles in enhancing or disrupting the sustainability of the cocoa sector. Also, COCOBOD and lbcs must increase sensitization of local cocoa farmers to encourage them to use good farming practices. Finally, more agricultural institutions must be established to accommodate more extension officers who will facilitate the education and sensitization of stakeholders in the cocoa industry.
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    A. A. Anti’s ‘obeede: an english translation
    (2002) Obeng, Joseph
    This Project Work is a translation of a text from Akan into the English Language. It includes research into the etymology of some names and expressions in the text and their significance in this literary work. Knowledgeable artists have written a lot of books in English. These books cover many disciplines such as History, Government, Economics, stories in the form of drama, novel and poetry and the like. Many of these texts have been translated into various languages including Akan. There are similar knowledgeable artists who have written books in Akan. They write with the socio-cultural, political and religious knowledge of Ghanaian life in general and that of the Akan in particular. These books should be studied by Ghanaians for their social and cultural significance: but they are usually restricted to a small group of people who can read and understand the Akan language. This unfortunate situation has come about as a result of the general lack of interest in learning to read and write Ghanaian vernacular languages. The use of English Language as the official language can be of immense help for the dissemination of vital information ‘hidden’ in the Akan text to more people in the Ghanaian society, since Akan is the widest spoken language in Ghana. It is against this background that the researcher has embarked on this project to translate an Akan nouvelle, “Obeede”, into the English Language. Speakers or learners of a particular language are always anxious to discover the etymology or the original meaning of some words and expressions to facilitate their study of that language. Speakers or students who seek such competence benefit immensely from such knowledge. In view of this, the dissertation discusses the etymology of some names and expressions in this Akan text. The sources of information on the etymological study have been selected resource persons and the selected Akan literary text, “Obeede” This translation is a Comparison of two languages and it is therefore thematically within the genres and forms acceptable for the categories of Comparative Literature. Beyond this, however, the project also makes accessible to a wider world of readers a little known but clearly major work of literature in Akan. Many artists have written useful books in both Akan and English, but unfortunately, they do not often translate their texts into any one of the two major languages mentioned above. Neither do they provide etymology or meaning of the names and expressions they use in their books. A few texts have glossaries, which explain the meaning of some words in their books but such words, and expressions mostly receive superficial treatment, thus glossing over their significance for the texts in which they are used. This modest research is an attempt to look at some of the problems that make for the inadequacy and undetailed nature of such translated materials. It contains some ideas that may be useful to students and users. The translated text, “Obeede” was written by A. A. Anti, and published in 1960 by the Bureau of Ghana Languages, Accra. Anti writes about the religious beliefs and the socio-cultural life of the Akans. He traces the Akan belief in the ancestral home ‘Asamando’ or ‘Amamprobi’ which is represented by one KYE. He goes on to portray the traditional professions of hunting and woodwork engaged in by Boakye and the slave trade of which Dkoampa is the victim. Any reader who engages this book will discover the immense knowledge that is hidden within its depths. THE AUTHOR The author of the novel “Qbeede” is a Guan. The novelist is called Mr. A. A. Anti. He was born in 1920 in his hometown, Anum near Boso in the Eastern Region. Mr. Anti had his elementary school education in Anum Presbyterian Primary and Middle Schools. He started his career as a professiona! teacher after he graduated from the Presbyterian Teacher Training College at Akropong-Akwapim in the Eastern Region in 1941. The novelist married Miss. Comfort Okraku also a Guan from Abiriw near AkropongAkwapim, in 1945. Mrs. Comfort Okraku Anti was also a professional teacher. They had six children of whom two were boys and the rest girls. The author became a language teacher in the Ghanata Secondary School at Dodowa in the Dangbe West District of the Greater Accra region, from 1959 to 1964. He taught the Akwapim Twi. Mr. A. A. Anti has contributed immensely to the development of Akan literature. His two books — “The Ancient Ashanti Kings” and ‘Obeede’, in English and Akwapim Twi respectively, have their theme on slavery. In his book, “The Ancient Ashanti Kings”, Mr. Anti states that clearly, the much- vaunted military might of Asante can be construed as an instrument of colonialist exploitation. Of principal interest to us here is that the King’s Court appropriated a kind of booty. A. A. Anti talks about the sources of kingly income. The Asante King, according to the author, was permitted by customary law to trade in slaves and natural products. He would sometimes promote deserving persons to positions of higher status, but only in return for the payment of a fee of 8 ounces of gold. He would advance some gold to a prospective office holder to trade with, and the person’s promotion would depend on how much return he was able to make on the capital advanced (Anti correctly labels this as usury). The King would make manifest his willingness to bend the course of justice in favour of any person who was prepared to “buy” (without insisting on taking away or indeed even seeing) any of the special sheep domesticated and kept in the royal pens for this purpose. Such sheep could of course be “sold” many times over. What a gentle from of bribery! The author’s focus on this disturbing aspect of our history is prevalent in his novel, “Obeede” and it gives way to an extravagant display of the creative imagination as t moves freely from history into myth through legend and back again to the ordinariness of daily routine in life.
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    Abuse of Political Office in Africa: A Literary Perspective
    (2011-6-19) Adjei-Yeboah, Kofi
    The essay focuses on the arbitrary exercise of power by political office holders on the African continent. Right after independence, the African leaders in whose hands the mantle of political administration was vested disappointed their people...
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    Accelerating the growth of a business by integrating online marketing with existing offline activities: the case study of selected hotels in sunyani municipality.
    (KNUST, 2012-06) Antwi-Boasiako, Elizabeth
    Developments in information technology have changed the manner in which competitive advantages are achieved today and with customers becoming increasingly sophisticated and gradually moving towards the internet, it has become necessary for marketers to reach out to this new market segment whilst ensuring that the offline customers are also well catered for. This study therefore aimed at investigating how growth within the hospitality industry can be accelerated by integrating online marketing with existing offline activities. Given the exploratory nature of this study, data was collected quantitatively using questionnaire and qualitatively using interview. In all, fifty (50) customers from five selected hotels within Sunyani Municipality were issued a questionnaire and five managers from these selected hotels were also interviewed. The study revealed that hotels within Sunyanimarket their services offline with few online activities. However, the online marketing comes with tremendous benefits. Based on the findings, the study established that both online and offline marketing activities were important in terms of accelerating business growth as far as hotels in Sunyani are concerned.From this study, the following recommendations were made: hotels should blend the two marketing activities for the time being and slowly shift attention to online marketing activities considering the enormous benefit the study outlined.
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    Accelerating the growth of a business by integrating Online marketing with existing offline activities: the case study of selected hotels in Sunyani Municipality.
    (KNUST, 2012-06) Antwi-Boasiako, Elizabeth
    Developments in information technology have changed the manner in which competitive advantages are achieved today and with customers becoming increasingly sophisticated and gradually moving towards the internet, it has become necessary for marketers to reach out to this new market segment whilst ensuring that the offline customers are also well catered for. This study therefore aimed at investigating how growth within the hospitality industry can be accelerated by integrating online marketing with existing offline activities. Given the exploratory nature of this study, data was collected quantitatively using questionnaire and qualitatively using interview. In all, fifty (50) customers from five selected hotels within Sunyani Municipality were issued a questionnaire and five managers from these selected hotels were also interviewed. The study revealed that hotels within Sunyanimarket their services offline with few online activities. However, the online marketing comes with tremendous benefits. Based on the findings, the study established that both online and offline marketing activities were important in terms of accelerating business growth as far as hotels in Sunyani are concerned.From this study, the following recommendations were made: hotels should blend the two marketing activities for the time being and slowly shift attention to online marketing activities considering the enormous benefit the study outlined.
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    Access to finance by small and medium scale enterprises from savings and loans institutions in the Kumasi metropolis
    (2012) Aboagye, Robert
    In today’s Global Economy, SMEs are the engine of growth and for that matter they must be funded and thereby the state or the government must put policies that will assist their growth by accessing funds from financial institutions or the banks with lower interest rate. The study aimed at finding out the type of credit used by SMEs from Savings and Loans Companies, other sources of credit accessed by SMEs in Kumasi, the major constraints faced by SMEs in accessing credit from savings and loans companies and to investigate to investigate the assessment criteria used by savings and loans companies in SME loan appraisal. There is evidence that savings and loans companies are making credit available to the entrepreneurs of small and medium scale enterprises. Prior to that inadequate credit was a major problem facing the Sector. There is the need in Ghana for our Universities in collaboration with the banks or financial institutions to educate the public about the importance of savings.
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    Access to finance by small and medium scale enterprises from Savings and Loans Institutions in the Kumasi Metropolis
    (2008) Aboagye, Robert
    In today's Global Economy, SMEs are the engine of growth and for that matter they must be funded and thereby the state or the government must put policies that will assist their growth by accessing funds from financial institutions or the banks with lower interest rate. The study aimed at finding out the type of credit used by SMEs from Savings and Loans Companies, other sources of credit accessed by SMEs in Kumasi, the major constraints faced by SMEs in accessing credit from savings and loans companies and to investigate to investigate the assessment criteria used by savings and loans companies in SME loan appraisal. There is evidence that savings and loans companies are making credit available to the entrepreneurs of small and medium scale enterprises. « Prior to that inadequate credit was a major problem facing the Sector. There is the need in Ghana for our Universities in collaboration with the banks or financial institutions to educate the public about the importance of savings.
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    Access to justice and inmates at Kumasi central prison
    (2021-06-14) Akoto, Alexandria A.;
    The study explores how inmates at the Kumasi Central Prison access justice. Purposely, the study seeks to outline the reasons for delay in access to justice for the inmates at the Kumasi prison. To examine the extent to which inmates access justice whiles at the Prison, and identify the various challenges they faced at the prisons. We collect data from a survey administered to 230 respondents from key technical persons and some selected inmates at the Kumasi Central Prisons. The study found out that factors such as few judges and magistrates available to adjudicate the massive backlogs of court cases, and lack of transparency of court document processing and publication of court decisions are the reasons for the delays. The study further found out that majority of the inmates were denied access to legal advice and service, and some of the inmates also expressed total ignorance so far as access to justice. We therefore, conclude that access to justice or legal representation is very difficult in the prison, and that many accused persons go through trial without being represented by a legal practitioner. The researcher therefore recommends a Legal Aid Policy that shall promote speedy access to justice, reformative programmes such as skills training for prisoners, a social protection and support programmes that could help for effective reintegration of remand prisoners into society, and the establishment of a remand home to avoid the mingling of remand prisoners with convicted prisoners.
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    Access to loans at Ezi Savings and Loans Ghana Limited at Ashaiman Municipality of Ghana
    (2012-06-22) Yao, Kweku Cosmos
    This study seeks to examine how accessible are the loans given at Ezi savings and Loans Limited at the Ashaiman Branch in Tema Municipality. This was done by determining the types of loans accessible, analyzed the processes of accessing the loans, determine the customers perception on the accessibility of the loans and the trend in access of loans. The study employed the descriptive design approach using the survey method of data collection and analysis. Data was collected from 151 respondents using a questionnaire, simple random sampling method was used as a basis for selecting 151 respondents from the 435 customers for the study. Both primary and secondary sources of data were used for the study. Reports on access to loans over the past five years were used for the trend analysis. Major findings of the study are that microfinance and personal loans are main types of loans accessible with the least being constructional and agricultural loans. It was also found that most customers perceive loans to be accessible at Ezi Savings and Loans Limited. A major recommendation is that management should reveal its policy and guidelines on interest rate as well as on collateral for specific loans so as to increase access to loans.
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    Access to Microfinance and Performance of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises in Ghana: A Case of Selected SMEs in the Kumasi Metropolis”
    (SEPTEMBER 2016) Antwi, Bernard Owusu
    The underlying focus of the study was to investigate the impact of services provided by the microfinance institutions on the profitability of small- and medium-scale enterprises that access those services. Employing cross sectional data gathered through the administration of structured questionnaire, the Ordinary Least Squares estimation technique was adopted. On the basis of MFIs services enjoyed by the SMEs in the Kumasi Metropolis, a number of respondents indicated that they have the opportunity to save, invest, and access loan facilities from the MFIs. However, it was made known to the researcher that not much advisory support is received from the MFIs. The results from the OLS estimation revealed that percentage of loans granted outright to the SMEs, cash collateral security required by the MFIs, interest charged on loans and the period of time allowed for the repayment of loans secured are the loan terms that critically influence the profitability of SMEs in the metropolis. On the contrary, the length of time taken to access loans, the grace period permitted by the MFIs, and cost of labour do not have any power in determining the profitability of the SMEs at the various margins of error adopted by the study. The researcher therefore recommends regularly monitoring of loans advanced to Small and Medium Scale Enterprises. The researcher also recommends that Microfinance institutions can partner enterprise development agencies to increase the advisory support rendered to Small and Medium Scale Enterprises.
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    Accessibility of finance options and the level of satisfaction: a study of some selected business in the Sunyani municipality
    (KNUST, 2021) ADJEI PATIENCE
    The role played by entrepreneurs in the economic development of countries cannot be overemphasized. Finance is an important component needed by an entrepreneur in setting up, and or maintaining a business. The objective of the study was to examine the finance options available to the Ghanaian entrepreneur, and evaluate the satisfaction the entrepreneur derives from the various options and come up with the best option by comparing the significant levels. The study was quantitative, and used a sample of 50 entrepreneurs from the population of entrepreneurs in Sunyani Municipality. Random sampling was used to select respondents. SPSS was used in coding, entry and analysis of the data, using descriptive statistics and ANOVA. The study revealed that, the finance options or sources of finance mostly used by entrepreneurs are personal credit union, banks, micro finance, and Moneylenders. The study showed that, the entrepreneurs were satisfied with the various finance options with regards to service rendered and impact on business performance and it was also revealed that firm’s age have effect of finance option available to entrepreneurs. It was recommended that financial institutions create products that will motivate savings among entrepreneurs as well as the entrepreneurs should try to save by using it as a finance option. When this is done, the entrepreneurs will have to assess interest-free funds for their businesses
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    Accessibility of finance options and the level of satisfaction: a study of some selected business in the sunyani municipality
    (knust, 2020) Adjei Patience
    The role played by entrepreneurs in the economic development of countries cannot be overemphasized. Finance is an important component needed by an entrepreneur in setting up, and or maintaining a business. The objective of the study was to examine the finance options available to the Ghanaian entrepreneur, and evaluate the satisfaction the entrepreneur derives from the various options and come up with the best option by comparing the significant levels. The study was quantitative, and used a sample of 50 entrepreneurs from the population of entrepreneurs in Sunyani Municipality. Random sampling was used to select respondents. SPSS was used in coding, entry and analysis of the data, using descriptive statistics and ANOVA. The study revealed that, the finance options or sources of finance mostly used by entrepreneurs are personal credit union, banks, micro finance, and Moneylenders. The study showed that, the entrepreneurs were satisfied with the various finance options with regards to service rendered and impact on business performance and it was also revealed that firm’s age have effect of finance option available to entrepreneurs. It was recommended that financial institutions create products that will motivate savings among entrepreneurs as well as the entrepreneurs should try to save by using it as a finance option. When this is done, the entrepreneurs will have to assess interest-free funds for their businesses.
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    Accessibility to finance for non traditional exports in Ghana
    (2012) Onny, Benjamin Lloyd
    Access to finance has been identified as a dominant constraint facing Ghanaian exporters, especially in Non Traditional Exports (NTEs). Available evidence indicate that commercial banks in developing economies would rather invest their funds in less risky ventures than to place such funds in the development of the export sector (Asiedu-Appiah, E. 2005). This qualitative study seeks to find out the difficulties NTEs sector encounter in accessing export finance to support their businesses. The study is a non-experimental research using primary and secondary data. Using convenience sampling, 60 exporters were selected for the study. Their responses to questionnaire and interviews were compiled, analysed and evaluated using techniques such as tabulation and appropriate statistical graphs. Results from the study suggest that collateral, financial statement and cash flow are critical for financial institutions in extending credit to small non-traditional exporters. The study reveal high risk (real or perceived) associated with bank lending to NTEs likewise constrain access to finance. Banks lack the appropriate instruments for managing loans to NTEs. Most important, banks typically lack the know-how to reach the NTEs market segment. The study also examines the operating characteristics and key concerns of credit guarantee schemes. Credit guarantee schemes promote the flow of finance to NTEs by acknowledging their limited ability to provide acceptable collaterals, and by mitigating risks caused by the poor credit analysis and pricing skills of banks whose loans are to be guaranteed. Some thoughts on how to make Ghana's credit guarantee schemes sustainable are also provided.
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    Accessibility, utilization and loan repayment performance by small and medium scale enterprises (smes) in suame municipal.
    (KNUST, 2023) Asante Gloria
    The study assesses the accessibility, utilization and repayment of loans by SMEs in Suame Municipality. Data obtained from the field was analyzed based on the specific objectives that were to assess the access to credit by SMEs, examine the utilization of credits obtained by SMEs, assess the determinants of loan utilization and determine loan repayment performance by SMEs in Suame Municipality. The point biserial and chi squared tests were used to measure and evaluate the relationships between these determinants and whether the loan was used for its purpose of collection. Both the direction and degree of relationship were determined using these tests. Chi squared test was also used to measure and evaluate the relationship between the location of business and whether loan was used for its purpose as well as profit level of business and whether loan was used for its purpose. They were electronically computed using SPSS. Data analysis proved that accessing credit from financial institutions by SMEs in Suame Municipality was challenging due to the inability of SME owners and managers to provide the exact collateral, required guarantors or make special deposits. The study also revealed that most SMEs in Suame Municipality did not use the credit they obtained from the financial institutions for the purpose for which collected them. All the determinants measured had positive relationships with loan utilization with the exception of the number of employees. The study revealed that most SMEs in Suame Municipality had problem in repaying their loans or credits and this was due to factors, which included the loan characteristics, financial institution characteristics and business characteristics.