College of Humanities & Social Sciences

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A principal component analysis on marketing 2.0 on business performance in ghana
(KNUST, 2023) Mensah-Aboagye Aaron
. The study analysed the impact of marketing 2.0 on business performance in Ghana. Marketing 2.0 has become an integral part of most business' communication strategies, and for a long time, marketing had been mainly focused on the traditional aspect, but has since adapted to ii new contexts such as online platforms, with the emergence of user generated content. Again, marketing 2.0, which involves interactive communication between consumers and businesses. Many supermarkets perceive social media as unprofitable, as they are unaware of its benefits in terms of customer relations and ROI. The study focused on a Principal Component Analysis of marketing 2.0 and its effect on business performance in Ghana. Questionnaires (Likert scale questionnaire was used for data collection) would be employed. Secondary data would be retrieved from journals and scientific reports, articles, academic papers. Data gathered was presented in tables and bar charts using Business Management Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 26 for hypothesis testing, correlation analysis, and regression analysis. Data was collected from 240 workers of Nestle Ghana Limited - Accra Metropolis. Convenience sampling method was used to select the respondents. Data was analysed quantitatively. The results revealed that there is very strong positive correlation between marketing 2.0 and supermarket performance. The correlation values were 0.00 denoting statistically significant relationship as marketing 2.0 is the latest trend in marketing that focuses on leveraging digital and social media platforms to reach customers and drive sales. It involves using a customercentric approach to engage with customers, personalizing content and messaging, and leveraging data to create more effective campaigns. Therefore, it was recommended that researching on how digital technologies can be used to boost supermarket performance is essential as technology develops further and new digital solutions become accessible. Key The study analysed the impact of marketing 2.0 on business performance in Ghana. Marketing 2.0 has become an integral part of most business' communication strategies, and for a long time, marketing had been mainly focused on the traditional aspect, but has since adapted to ii new contexts such as online platforms, with the emergence of user generated content. Again, marketing 2.0, which involves interactive communication between consumers and businesses. Many supermarkets perceive social media as unprofitable, as they are unaware of its benefits in terms of customer relations and ROI. The study focused on a Principal Component Analysis of marketing 2.0 and its effect on business performance in Ghana. Questionnaires (Likert scale questionnaire was used for data collection) would be employed. Secondary data would be retrieved from journals and scientific reports, articles, academic papers. Data gathered was presented in tables and bar charts using Business Management Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 26 for hypothesis testing, correlation analysis, and regression analysis. Data was collected from 240 workers of Nestle Ghana Limited - Accra Metropolis. Convenience sampling method was used to select the respondents. Data was analysed quantitatively. The results revealed that there is very strong positive correlation between marketing 2.0 and supermarket performance. The correlation values were 0.00 denoting statistically significant relationship as marketing 2.0 is the latest trend in marketing that focuses on leveraging digital and social media platforms to reach customers and drive sales. It involves using a customercentric approach to engage with customers, personalizing content and messaging, and leveraging data to create more effective campaigns. Therefore, it was recommended that researching on how digital technologies can be used to boost supermarket performance is essential as technology develops further and new digital solutions become accessible.
A principal component analysis on marketing 2.0 on business performance in ghana
(KNUST, 2023) Mensah Aaron Aboagye
The study analyzed the impact of marketing 2.0 on business performance in Ghana. Marketing 2.0 has become an integral part of most business' communication strategies, and for a long time, marketing had been mainly focused on the traditional aspect, but has since adapted to ii new contexts such as online platforms, with the emergence of user generated content. Again, marketing 2.0, which involves interactive communication between consumers and businesses. Many supermarkets perceive social media as unprofitable, as they are unaware of its benefits in terms of customer relations and roi. The study focused on a principal component analysis of marketing 2.0 and its effect on business performance in Ghana. Questionnaires (likert scale questionnaire was used for data collection) would be employed. Secondary data would be retrieved from journals and scientific reports, articles, academic papers. Data gathered was presented in tables and bar charts using business management statistical package for social sciences version 26 for hypothesis testing, correlation analysis, and regression analysis. Data was collected from 240 workers of nestle Ghana limited - Accra metropolis. Convenience sampling method was used to select the respondents. Data was analyzed quantitatively. The results revealed that there is very strong positive correlation between marketing 2.0 and supermarket performance. The correlation values were 0.00 denoting statistically significant relationship as marketing 2.0 is the latest trend in marketing that focuses on leveraging digital and social media platforms to reach customers and drive sales. It involves using a customercentric approach to engage with customers, personalizing content and messaging, and leveraging data to create more effective campaigns. Therefore, it was recommended that researching on how digital technologies can be used to boost supermarket performance is essential as technology develops further and new digital solutions become accessible. Keywords: marketing 2.0, business performance, social media marketing
A study on stakeholder activities in the cocoa industry: evidence from the western north region
(KNUST, 2023) TANDOH ERIC THEOPHILUS
Cocoa is a crucial commodity that confers several socioeconomic benefits to nations. The cocoa growing industry has many players or stakeholders who play specific roles to ensure efficiency and enhanced productivity within the industry. The aim of the current study was to explore the activities of the stakeholders within the cocoa industry in the Suaman District of the Western North Region. To achieve this goal, the study employed an exploratory research design and collected primary data to test the relationships of interest through the administration of questionnaires. A total of 100 participants comprising 50 local cocoa farmers and 50 staff of various lbcs were recruited for the study using the convenient and purposive sampling technique. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for the analysis of the data gathered. Analysis of the results revealed that “planting shading trees or plants as protective cover for seedlings” was the most performed activity among cocoa farmers while “creating of fire belt around cocoa farms” was the least performed. In terms of activities of stakeholders, “in the event of accident your company shares risks with COCOBOD” recorded the lowest mean score while “your organization is affected by the overall outputs of cocoa farmers” had the highest mean score. The study recommends that future studies must use wider geographical area to explore the relations of interest. Future studies must also include other stakeholders within the cocoa industry to ascertain their roles in enhancing or disrupting the sustainability of the cocoa sector. Also, COCOBOD and lbcs must increase sensitization of local cocoa farmers to encourage them to use good farming practices. Finally, more agricultural institutions must be established to accommodate more extension officers who will facilitate the education and sensitization of stakeholders in the cocoa industry.
Abuse of Political Office in Africa: A Literary Perspective
(2011-6-19) Adjei-Yeboah, Kofi
The essay focuses on the arbitrary exercise of power by political office holders on the African continent. Right after independence, the African leaders in whose hands the mantle of political administration was vested disappointed their people...
Access to credit for women entrepreneurs: a case study of women in micro and small scale business at Tanoso, Kumasi
(2009-05) Koranteng-Dakwa, Winifred
Access to justice and inmates at Kumasi central prison
(2021-06-14) Akoto, Alexandria A.;
The study explores how inmates at the Kumasi Central Prison access justice. Purposely, the study seeks to outline the reasons for delay in access to justice for the inmates at the Kumasi prison. To examine the extent to which inmates access justice whiles at the Prison, and identify the various challenges they faced at the prisons. We collect data from a survey administered to 230 respondents from key technical persons and some selected inmates at the Kumasi Central Prisons. The study found out that factors such as few judges and magistrates available to adjudicate the massive backlogs of court cases, and lack of transparency of court document processing and publication of court decisions are the reasons for the delays. The study further found out that majority of the inmates were denied access to legal advice and service, and some of the inmates also expressed total ignorance so far as access to justice. We therefore, conclude that access to justice or legal representation is very difficult in the prison, and that many accused persons go through trial without being represented by a legal practitioner. The researcher therefore recommends a Legal Aid Policy that shall promote speedy access to justice, reformative programmes such as skills training for prisoners, a social protection and support programmes that could help for effective reintegration of remand prisoners into society, and the establishment of a remand home to avoid the mingling of remand prisoners with convicted prisoners.
Access to loans at Ezi Savings and Loans Ghana Limited at Ashaiman Municipality of Ghana
(2012-06-22) Yao, Kweku Cosmos
This study seeks to examine how accessible are the loans given at Ezi savings and Loans Limited at the Ashaiman Branch in Tema Municipality. This was done by determining the types of loans accessible, analyzed the processes of accessing the loans, determine the customers perception on the accessibility of the loans and the trend in access of loans. The study employed the descriptive design approach using the survey method of data collection and analysis. Data was collected from 151 respondents using a questionnaire, simple random sampling method was used as a basis for selecting 151 respondents from the 435 customers for the study. Both primary and secondary sources of data were used for the study. Reports on access to loans over the past five years were used for the trend analysis. Major findings of the study are that microfinance and personal loans are main types of loans accessible with the least being constructional and agricultural loans. It was also found that most customers perceive loans to be accessible at Ezi Savings and Loans Limited. A major recommendation is that management should reveal its policy and guidelines on interest rate as well as on collateral for specific loans so as to increase access to loans.
Access to Microfinance and Performance of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises in Ghana: A Case of Selected SMEs in the Kumasi Metropolis”
(SEPTEMBER 2016) Antwi, Bernard Owusu
The underlying focus of the study was to investigate the impact of services provided by the microfinance institutions on the profitability of small- and medium-scale enterprises that access those services. Employing cross sectional data gathered through the administration of structured questionnaire, the Ordinary Least Squares estimation technique was adopted. On the basis of MFIs services enjoyed by the SMEs in the Kumasi Metropolis, a number of respondents indicated that they have the opportunity to save, invest, and access loan facilities from the MFIs. However, it was made known to the researcher that not much advisory support is received from the MFIs. The results from the OLS estimation revealed that percentage of loans granted outright to the SMEs, cash collateral security required by the MFIs, interest charged on loans and the period of time allowed for the repayment of loans secured are the loan terms that critically influence the profitability of SMEs in the metropolis. On the contrary, the length of time taken to access loans, the grace period permitted by the MFIs, and cost of labour do not have any power in determining the profitability of the SMEs at the various margins of error adopted by the study. The researcher therefore recommends regularly monitoring of loans advanced to Small and Medium Scale Enterprises. The researcher also recommends that Microfinance institutions can partner enterprise development agencies to increase the advisory support rendered to Small and Medium Scale Enterprises.
Accessibility of finance options and the level of satisfaction: a study of some selected business in the Sunyani municipality
(KNUST, 2021) ADJEI PATIENCE
The role played by entrepreneurs in the economic development of countries cannot be overemphasized. Finance is an important component needed by an entrepreneur in setting up, and or maintaining a business. The objective of the study was to examine the finance options available to the Ghanaian entrepreneur, and evaluate the satisfaction the entrepreneur derives from the various options and come up with the best option by comparing the significant levels. The study was quantitative, and used a sample of 50 entrepreneurs from the population of entrepreneurs in Sunyani Municipality. Random sampling was used to select respondents. SPSS was used in coding, entry and analysis of the data, using descriptive statistics and ANOVA. The study revealed that, the finance options or sources of finance mostly used by entrepreneurs are personal credit union, banks, micro finance, and Moneylenders. The study showed that, the entrepreneurs were satisfied with the various finance options with regards to service rendered and impact on business performance and it was also revealed that firm’s age have effect of finance option available to entrepreneurs. It was recommended that financial institutions create products that will motivate savings among entrepreneurs as well as the entrepreneurs should try to save by using it as a finance option. When this is done, the entrepreneurs will have to assess interest-free funds for their businesses
Accessibility to finance for non traditional exports in Ghana
(2012) Onny, Benjamin Lloyd
Access to finance has been identified as a dominant constraint facing Ghanaian exporters, especially in Non Traditional Exports (NTEs). Available evidence indicate that commercial banks in developing economies would rather invest their funds in less risky ventures than to place such funds in the development of the export sector (Asiedu-Appiah, E. 2005). This qualitative study seeks to find out the difficulties NTEs sector encounter in accessing export finance to support their businesses. The study is a non-experimental research using primary and secondary data. Using convenience sampling, 60 exporters were selected for the study. Their responses to questionnaire and interviews were compiled, analysed and evaluated using techniques such as tabulation and appropriate statistical graphs. Results from the study suggest that collateral, financial statement and cash flow are critical for financial institutions in extending credit to small non-traditional exporters. The study reveal high risk (real or perceived) associated with bank lending to NTEs likewise constrain access to finance. Banks lack the appropriate instruments for managing loans to NTEs. Most important, banks typically lack the know-how to reach the NTEs market segment. The study also examines the operating characteristics and key concerns of credit guarantee schemes. Credit guarantee schemes promote the flow of finance to NTEs by acknowledging their limited ability to provide acceptable collaterals, and by mitigating risks caused by the poor credit analysis and pricing skills of banks whose loans are to be guaranteed. Some thoughts on how to make Ghana's credit guarantee schemes sustainable are also provided.
Accessibility, utilization and loan repayment performance by small and medium scale enterprises (smes) in suame municipal.
(KNUST, 2023) Asante Gloria
The study assesses the accessibility, utilization and repayment of loans by SMEs in Suame Municipality. Data obtained from the field was analyzed based on the specific objectives that were to assess the access to credit by SMEs, examine the utilization of credits obtained by SMEs, assess the determinants of loan utilization and determine loan repayment performance by SMEs in Suame Municipality. The point biserial and chi squared tests were used to measure and evaluate the relationships between these determinants and whether the loan was used for its purpose of collection. Both the direction and degree of relationship were determined using these tests. Chi squared test was also used to measure and evaluate the relationship between the location of business and whether loan was used for its purpose as well as profit level of business and whether loan was used for its purpose. They were electronically computed using SPSS. Data analysis proved that accessing credit from financial institutions by SMEs in Suame Municipality was challenging due to the inability of SME owners and managers to provide the exact collateral, required guarantors or make special deposits. The study also revealed that most SMEs in Suame Municipality did not use the credit they obtained from the financial institutions for the purpose for which collected them. All the determinants measured had positive relationships with loan utilization with the exception of the number of employees. The study revealed that most SMEs in Suame Municipality had problem in repaying their loans or credits and this was due to factors, which included the loan characteristics, financial institution characteristics and business characteristics.
Accessing the impact of supply chain financing on organizational performance: the mediating role of supply chain integration
(KNUST, 2023) Sebi Seth
This research study aimed to access the impact of supply chain financing on organizational performance, and the mediating role of supply chain integration. The study utilized a survey methodology and focused on smes and manufacturing companies in Ghana in the Kumasi and Accra metropolis listed on the Ghana stock exchange and Ghana club 100, bankers, procurement professionals, and suppliers. A total of 200 respondents participated in the survey. The analysis of the collected data involved examining the link between supply chain finance on organizational performance and the mediating role of supply chain integration. In addition, the analysis also focused on the demographic and characteristics of firms from which the respondents were drawn. Next, the study evaluated the relationship between supply chain financing strategy and firm performance. The adoption of supply chain finance practices has been associated with advantages such as lower unit costs of procured goods, reduced supply disruptions, extended payment terms, and improved business continuity. The study's positive correlation supports the argument that effective supply chain financing can enhance a firm's overall performance. Furthermore, the study also investigated the influence of supply chain integration on firm performance. The study's finding underscores the idea that effective supply chain integration can contribute positively to a firm's overall performance. The study also analyses the direct and indirect results related to the mediating effect of supply chain integration on the relationship between supply chain financing strategy and organizational performance. The study's full mediation finding suggests that the positive effect of supply chain financing strategy on firm performance becomes significant only when supply chain integration is absent, highlighting the importance of an integrated approach for realizing the benefits of financing strategies.
Accessing the role and impact of the KNUST CECAST in the cultural development of Ghana
(December, 2009.) Aikins-Bekoe, Emmanuella
This thesis seeks to assess the role of the KNUST Centre for Cultural and African Studies in the preservation and development of Ghanaian culture, find out its impact on the KNUST community, identify the challenges faced by the Centre and offer some recommendations to solve these problems. This work has examined the various definitions of culture, its components and characteristics, the culture of Ghana, under which the researcher looked at the land, its people, their religion and artforms. It also studied the types of development and assessment, the changes that have occurred in Ghanaian culture and the role of culture in national development; in terms of creating jobs and promoting tourism attraction. Data was collected using questionnaires and interviews. A survey conducted with 200 people, to find out their views about the KNUST Centre for Cultural and African Studies and its impact on their lives, revealed that 17.5 percent of respondents had been on campus for two years but did not know about the Centre, 20 percent of those who knew, had no idea that courses in Sound Engineering, Keyboard skills, Acting techniques and Sight Singing could be accessed there, and 84 percent of the respondents believed that the Centre had broadened their knowledge about Ghanaian cultural practices. The report gives a brief history of the KNUST Centre for Cultural and African Studies, its staff and their roles, collaborations, learning and skill acquisition at the Centre, and the Centre’s most crucial needs. It was found out that the Centre has helped to preserve and develop Ghanaian culture, through the teaching of students about their cultural values and that of others. This report offers some recommendations in the last chapter which can help to improve upon the Centre’s services if they are adopted by the authorities of the University.
Accountability in Religious Circles: Case Study of the Kumasi Central Mosque
(2012) Seidu, Ahmad
Muslims both from northern Ghana and beyond its frontiers, mainly from Nigeria and other West African States converged in Kumasi to subsequently form the Muslim community. This community however was not only composed of migrants but also those who are indigenes of Kumasi to become the Asante Muslims and commonly referred to as the Asante Nkramo. This Muslim community built the Kumasi Central Mosque which is the focus of our study since its inception in the early 1950s. The Kumasi Central Mosque remains the symbol of unity and integration of the Muslim community. Yet despite the unity, it has undergone some disputes in terms of leadership as well as the control of the Mosque. Two personalities have dominated the politics of the Mosque for so long – Amadu Baba and Malam Mutawakilu who had both become the sakin zongo of Kumasi. Control over ownership of the Mosque had divided the front of the Muslim leadership in Kumasi that nearly marred the integration and unity of the community. Two blocs had fought over the leadership in terms of Imamship of the Mosque- the Muslim Mission and the Muslim Community- that led to court actions. This thesis argues on the responsibility and accountability of the financial aspects as well as the leadership of the Mosque. It also suggests the mutual agreement between the Muslim Mission and the Muslim Community. The two blocs agreed to come to terms in an arbitration headed by the Busia administration that led to the selection of an Imam from the Muslim Community and the deputy from the Muslim Mission. The concession led to a relative peace and harmony in the Muslim community. The Central Mosque remains, despite all these disputes, the focal point and symbol of unity and perhaps disunity among the Muslim community in Kumasi
Accountability practices in selected Christian health association of Ghana (chag) hospitals
(knust, 2021) Amedewonu Israel Kafui
The study focuses on accountability practices in CHAG health facilities in the Volta Region. It was conducted in three CHAG health facilities which include Margret Marquart Catholic Hospital, Kpando, Anfoega Catholic Hospital, and Matter Ecclesiae, Sokode. In this research, non-probability sampling was employed. This method was used because the researcher purposely selects who to include in the study based on their capabilities to provide essential data. Statistical Package for Social Sciences was used to analyze the qualitative and quantitative data gathered. It was revealed that there was no clear written accountability framework in the CHAG health facilities and internal controls available were very weak. Internal auditors were not allowed to carry out their work professionally and independently. According to the findings, it was recommended that the health facilities should strengthen their internal control to increase productivity as well as performance. Also, there should be regular training for internal auditors and all other categories of staff for increased performance. Budget and Procurement committees should be well established to enhance accountability practice in the health facilities.
Accountability, transparency and contribution. A case of church members of assemblies of god, western region (ghana)
(KNUST, 2023) Acquah Michael
This paper studied accountability, transparency and contribution in Assemblies of God church Ghana (Western region). The ingredients accountability and transparency are relevant to churches and other non-profitable organizations as it is to profit seeking organizations. The mismanagement and embezzlement of church funds is becoming prevalent in Africa and some parts in the western countries. Such shameful act has called for religious organization practicing accountability and transparency. The aim of this study was to examine the effect accountability and transparency have on contribution. This is a cross-sectional survey that employed structured questionnaire as the instrument to obtain information from respondents. A sample of two hundred and nineteen (219) comprising of pastors, leaders and members were drawn using non-probability technique. Purposive sampling was adopted and data was collected from respondents using close ended questionnaires. The normal linear regression model was used to analyze the data for the study. From the results of the study, the findings suggest that there is a strong positive and significant relationship between the independent variables (Accountability and Transparency) and the dependent variable (Contribution) thus an increase in the independent variables will lead to an increase in the dependent variable. The study concludes that accountability and transparency have a significant effect on contribution. The study hence recommends the Assemblies of God Church, Ghana to institute these measures suggested in raising funds from members in facilitating a smooth operation of the churches.
Achieving the Millennium Development Goal 3: The role of the Church in empowerment of women: A case study of the Anglican Diocese of Kumasi
(2012-07-13) Tetteh Buer, Francis
According to The United Nations Development Programme, Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 3 is directed at achieving gender equity and empowering women. Empowerment of women is essentially the process of upliftment of economic, social and political status of women, the traditionally underprivileged ones, in the society. This study, therefore, assessed the role of the church in the empowerment of women. Personal interviews and questionnaire administration were used in collecting data from Fathers, Guild Leaders and members of the Kumasi diocese of the Anglican Church. Major findings of the study revealed that two thirds of children denied educations around the world are girls. Yet studies show that educated women have healthier children, who are more likely to live longer and attend schools themselves. Educating Ghanaian women is thus an important first step towards beating poverty and hunger. It was realized that the challenges that the church faces were inadequate funds to organize programmes on empowerment, lack of theological materials on empowerment and the lack of involvement on women’s issues in the vision of the church. It was recommended that churches should find creative ways to change people’s views about the value of education, and to foster a social environment in which girls feel encouraged to attend school. Churches should also form multi-agency partnership to address violence against women. The churches should be determined to help extremely poor women accumulate money that they could then invest in income earning activities, which is impossible for those who must devote every penny to daily survival. Churches should also work to help people protect themselves from HIV and manage their sexual health.
Achieving the millennium development goal 3: The role of the Church in empowerment of women: A case study of the Anglican Diocese of Kumasi
(2012-07-26) Tetteh Buer, Francis (Rev. Fr)
According to The United Nations Development Programme, Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 3 is directed at achieving gender equity and empowering women. Empowerment of women is essentially the process of upliftment of economic, social and political status of women, the traditionally underprivileged ones, in the society. This study, therefore, assessed the role of the church in the empowerment of women. Personal interviews and questionnaire administration were used in collecting data from Fathers, Guild Leaders and members of the Kumasi diocese of the Anglican Church. Major findings of the study revealed that two thirds of children denied educations around the world are girls. Yet studies show that educated women have healthier children, who are more likely to live longer and attend schools themselves. Educating Ghanaian women is thus an important first step towards beating poverty and hunger. It was realized that the challenges that the church faces were inadequate funds to organize programmes on empowerment, lack of theological materials on empowerment and the lack of involvement on women’s issues in the vision of the church. It was recommended that churches should find creative ways to change people’s views about the value of education, and to foster a social environment in which girls feel encouraged to attend school. Churches should also form multi-agency partnership to address violence against women. The churches should be determined to help extremely poor women accumulate money that they could then invest in income earning activities, which is impossible for those who must devote every penny to daily survival. Churches should also work to help people protect themselves from HIV and manage their sexual health.
Achieving the Millennium Development Goal one (MDG1): the role of the church in Ghana - Ashanti Region as a case study
(2011-12-05) Soso, Emmanuel
Addressing gaps on energy access in rural and urban areas in Ghana: a case study on selected communities in the Ashanti Region
(JUNE, 2016 ) Gyamfi, Stephen Boadi
There are several contemporary surveys which are essential for the energy planning purposes in Ghana, there are still energy access gaps that ought to be addressed. Subsequently, the survey “Addressing Gaps on Energy Access in Rural and Urban Areas in Ghana” is designed to bridge the identified gaps and validate the available data with new set of data gathered from rural, small/medium towns and large towns of selected communities in the Ashanti region. The project is expected to provide data that can be used for the Global Energy Assessment (GEA) modelling exercise. The survey is being undertaken to provide data to address the following issues: the per capita quantities of different energy types used in Ghana by various income decile groups; the numbers of Households in each income decile group using the different energy types found in the country; the per capita expenditures on different types of energy used in Ghana by each of the income decile groups; the price per Mega Joule (MJ) of the different types of energy used in Ghana and the number of Households using different cooking stove types and their cooking location. However, based on the objectives of the study, the following conclusions were drawn. The survey results indicate that about 81% of the households had access to grid-connected electricity in their dwellings. A key finding from the survey was that households paid an average of GH¢121.22 for the consumption of an average of 196.052 KWh of electricity per month. The quantity of electricity households consumed increased with increasing income levels. In addition, the majority (20.41%) of the households within the 10th income decile (GH¢15,601+) consume the largest quantities of LPG of varying sizes. The least (4.08%) proportion of households that use LPG were within the 1st income deciles (0 – GH¢505). Again, the survey results revealed that households consumed an average of 235.15kg of charcoal per annum. Quantities of charcoal consumed by households varied from locality to locality and income deciles. The mean quantity of charcoal in the small-medium towns was 254.2kg per annum; which was 6.2% and 18.8% higher than the mean quantities consumed by households in the large towns (238.4kg) and rural town (206.38kg), respectively. The survey results also indicated all the households that used wood fuel converted with the traditional three-stoned stove. Households in the rural communities were mostly using the traditional coal pots and the traditional three-stoned stove simply because of its affordability, availability and accessibility to the energy source particularly charcoal and fuel wood. Based on the key findings from the survey, the study recommended that institutions such as the Ministry of Energy, The Energy Center and the private sector must be engaged to develop more efficient and affordable energy conversion equipment which increases productivity while minimising fuel consumption.

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