Haematological Profile and ACE2 Levels of COVID-19 Patients in a Metropolis in Ghana

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dc.contributor.authorAckah, Ezekiel B.
dc.contributor.authorOwusu, Michael
dc.contributor.authorSackey, Benedict
dc.contributor.authorBoamah, Justice K.
dc.contributor.authorKamasah, Japhet S.
dc.contributor.authorAduboffour, Albert A.
dc.contributor.authorAkortia, Debora
dc.contributor.authorNkrumah, Gifty
dc.contributor.authorAmaniampong, Andrews
dc.contributor.authorKlevor, Nicholas
dc.contributor.authorAgyemang, Lawrence D.
dc.contributor.authorAyisi-Boateng, Nana K.
dc.contributor.authorSylverken, Augustina
dc.contributor.authorPhillips, Richard Odame
dc.contributor.authorOwusu-Dabo, Ellis
dc.contributor.orcid0000-0001-7491-5420
dc.contributor.orcid0000-0001-5066-150X
dc.contributor.orcid0000-0003-1016-7720
dc.contributor.orcid0000-0003-0369-555X
dc.contributor.orcid0000-0002-0961-4434
dc.contributor.orcid0000-0002-7691-914X
dc.contributor.orcid0000-0001-8992-0222
dc.contributor.orcid0000-0003-4232-4292
dc.date.accessioned2024-02-16T13:06:11Z
dc.date.available2024-02-16T13:06:11Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.descriptionThis is an article published by Ackah, E.B.; Owusu, M.; Sackey, B.; Boamah, J.K.; Kamasah, J.S.; Aduboffour, A.A.; Akortia, D.; Nkrumah, G.; Amaniampong, A.; Klevor, N.; et al. Haematological Profile and ACE2 Levels of COVID-19 Patients in a Metropolis in Ghana. COVID 2024, 4, 117–129. https://doi.org/10.3390/covid4020011
dc.description.abstractBackground: Several studies have linked coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) risk to age and ABO blood groups. Variations in plasma angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) levels and blood counts have been reported, suggesting an association between disease severity and low lymphocyte levels. Aim: this study aimed to understand how these factors relate to COVID-19 in Ghanaian patients, considering geographical and demographic differences. Methods: Participants were recruited from six hospitals in Kumasi, Ghana, between June 2020 and July 2021. Nasopharyn geal swabs were taken to test for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and blood samples were collected for complete blood count testing, ABO/Rhesus typing, and assessment of plasma ACE2 levels. Demographic and COVID-19 severity data were gathered, and IBM SPSS version 25.0 was used for analysis. Results: Overall, 515 patients were enrolled, out of which 55.9% (n = 288/515) were males and 50.3% (n = 259/515) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. The median age was 37 years (IQR = 26–53). Age was significantly associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection (p = 0.002). The severe COVID-19 group was the oldest (70 years, IQR = 35–80) and presented with anaemia (haemoglobin, g/dL: 9.55, IQR = 7.85–11.93), leukocytosis (WBC × 103/µL: 15.87, IQR = 6.68–19.80), neutrophilia (NEUT × 106/µL: 14.69, IQR = 5.70–18.96) and lymphocytopenia (LYMPH × 106/µL: 0.47, IQR = 0.22–0.66). No association was found between SARS-CoV-2 positivity and ABO (p = 0.711) or Rh (p = 0.805) blood groups; no association was also found between plasma ACE2 levels and SARS-CoV-2 status (p = 0.079). However, among COVID-19 participants, plasma ACE2 levels were significantly reduced in the moderate illness group (40.68 ng/mL, IQR = 34.09–48.10) compared with the asymptomatic group (50.61 ng/mL, IQR = 43.90–58.61, p = 0.015). Conclusions: While there may be no real association between the ABO blood group, as well as plasma ACE2 levels, and SARS-CoV-2 infection in Ghanaian patients, older individuals are at a higher risk of severe disease. Anaemia, and leukocytosis with lymphocytopenia may be indicators of poor disease progression.
dc.description.sponsorshipKNUST
dc.identifier.citationAckah, E.B.; Owusu, M.; Sackey, B.; Boamah, J.K.; Kamasah, J.S.; Aduboffour, A.A.; Akortia, D.; Nkrumah, G.; Amaniampong, A.; Klevor, N.; et al. Haematological Profile and ACE2 Levels of COVID-19 Patients in a Metropolis in Ghana. COVID 2024, 4, 117–129. https:// doi.org/10.3390/covid4020011
dc.identifier.urihttps:// doi.org/10.3390/covid4020011
dc.identifier.urihttps://ir.knust.edu.gh/handle/123456789/15491
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherCOVID
dc.titleHaematological Profile and ACE2 Levels of COVID-19 Patients in a Metropolis in Ghana
dc.typeArticle
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