Browsing by Author "Ankudey, Emmanuel Godwin"

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    Evaluating the Health and Environmental Consequences of Sulphur-Related Diesel Emissions
    (Journal of Science and Technology, 2024-05-21) Kwao–Boateng, Emmanuela; Ankudey, Emmanuel Godwin; Darkwah, Lawrence; Danquah, Kwabena Owusu; Kontoh, Derrick Boateng
    Sulphur content is one of the most important fuel parameters affecting exhaust emissions from vehicles. Sulphur is a direct pollutant that can combine with other atmospheric elements to form compounds that contribute to global warming; hence minimising its quantity in fuels is essential. Standards have been set globally to regulate the sulphur content of diesel fuels. This research undertakes a comparative analysis of the sulphur content in fuel samples, randomly collected from five different fuel station brands. The sulphur content of diesel was analysed with sulphur analyser Hitachi LAB X-5000 following the ASTM D 4294-16 test method which is deemed simple. In the Kumasi Metropolis, the mean sulphur concentration in diesel was considerably elevated (ranging from 60 – 258 parts per million (ppm)) in comparison to the global standard of 50 ppm. From the analysis, the sulphur levels were in the order: Brand A< Brand C < Brand D < Brand E < Brand B. An assessment of the impact of sulphur emissions (from cradle to gate) on health, the ecosystem, and climate change was done using SimaPro software (v9.4.0.2). The results revealed the detrimental effects of the emissions, particularly when using fuels sourced from Brand B. Therefore, it is essential to enforce measures that ensure the imported and consumed diesel in the metropolis aligns with the stipulated regulations. This will mitigate potential health risks and environmental damage that may ensue from escalated sulphur emissions. Random checks on diesel quality at retail outlets are recommended to ensure compliance with set regulations.
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    Fuel Properties and Emission Characteristics of Biodiesel Fuel Produced from Waste Cooking Oil Using CaO/CaFe2O4 catalyst
    (Journal of Ghana Science Association, 2024-01-20) AbdulRasheed, Tawakalitu; Afotey, Benjamin; Ankudey, Emmanuel Godwin; Anang, Daniel Adjah
    Abstract This study investigates the fuel properties and emission characteristics of biodiesel derived from waste cooking oil (WCO) feedstock utilizing a novel CaO/CaFe2O4 composite catalyst. The biodiesel production process involves transesterification, yielding a renewable and environmentally friendly fuel source. Fuel properties such as density, kinematic viscosity, flash point, cetane number, and calorific value of the produced biodiesel and its blends were determined and compared with the ASTM biodiesel standard. The chemical composition of the fatty acid methyl ester of the produced biodiesel was confirmed with a Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer and a Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectrometer was used to determine the functional groups and chemical bonds present in the biodiesel. The characteristics of the exhaust emissions of the different blends of biodiesel with petro-diesel (B20, B50, and B80) as well as pure biodiesel (B100) and petro-diesel (D100) were evaluated through the exhaust gas emissions analysis at a constant speed of 1500 rpm in a four-stroke diesel engine. Exhaust gas emissions such as carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOX ), were measured. The results indicate that the WCO produced biodiesel meets the ASTM standard specifications for these properties, showcasing its potential as a feasible alternative to petrodiesel. Additionally, emission study results indicate that utilizing B20, B50, and B80 blends resulted in reduced CO, HC, and CO2 emissions when compared to petro-diesel fuel amounting to (7.88, 25.29, and 31.26%), (9.24, 5.54, and 27.85%) and (10.04, 6.02, and 21.96%) respectively. All biodiesels (blend or raw) emit more NOX than petro-diesel