Browsing by Author "Amoah, George"

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    Association of genetic variants with prostate cancer in Africa: a concise review
    (Springer Open, 2021) Acheampong, Emmanuel; Asamoah Adu, Evans; Obirikorang, Christian; Amoah, George; Afriyie, Osei Owusu; Yorke, Joseph; Odame Anto, Enoch; Adu Gyamfi, Michael; 0000-0002-5229-0340
    Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) has one of the highest heritability of all major cancers, where the genetic contribution has been documented, and knowledge about the molecular genetics of the disease is increasing. However, the extent and aspects to which genetic variants explain PCa heritability in Africa are limited. Main body: In this review, we summarize studies that highlight how identified genetic variants explain differences in PCa incidence and presentation across ethnic groups. We also present the knowledge gaps in PCa genetics in Africa and why Africa represents an untapped potential ground for genetic studies on PCa. A significant number of genome-wide association studies, linkage, and fine-mapping analyses have been conducted globally, and that explains 30–33% of PCa heritability. The African ancestry has a significant mention in PCa incidence and presentation. To date, the candidate gene approach has replicated 23 polymorphisms including dinucleotide and trinucleotide repeats in 16 genes. CYP17-rs743572, CYP3A4-rs2740574, CYP3A5-rs776746, CYP3A43-rs501275, and haplotype blocks, containing these variants, are significantly associated with PCa among some population groups but not others. With the few existing studies, the extent of genetic diversity in Africa suggests that genetic associations of PCa to African ancestry go beyond nucleotide sequence polymorphisms, to a level of environmental adaptation, which may interpret genetic risk profiles. Also, the shreds of evidence suggest that evolutionary history contributes to the high rates of PCa relative to African ancestry, and genetic associations do not always replicate across populations. Conclusion: The genetic architecture of PCa in Africa provides important contributions to the global understanding of PCa specifically the African-ancestry hypothesis. There is a need for more prostate cancer consortiums to justify the heritable certainties of PCa among Africans, and emphasis should be placed on the genetic epidemiological model of PCa in Africa.
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    Dorsal Onlay Oral Mucosa Graft Urethroplasty: A Case Report and Review of Literature
    (Hindawi, 2020-10) Appiah, Kwaku Addai Arhin; Gyasi-Sarpong, Christian Kofi; Yenli, Edwin M. T.; Maison, Patrick Opoku Manu; Adofo, Charles Kwame; Amoah, George; Azorliade, Roland; Mintah, Dominic Annor; Badu-Peprah, Augustina; 0000-0003-0979-4006
    Urethral strictures in children are uncommon. They may present as lower urinary tract symptoms or acute urine reten tion [1]. The causes could be congenital, iatrogenic, posthy pospadias repair, or traumatic [2, 3]. The diagnosis involves a detailed history, physical examination, and appropriate radiological and endoscopic investigations [4]. Retrograde urethrography (RUG) with or without mictu rating cystourethrogram (MCUG) is the gold standard con firmatory test. In some situations, urethroscopy may berequired for confirmation and treatment. Penile and long bulbar urethral strictures are generally regarded as complexstrictures. This is because they do not lend themselves to simple excision and primary anastomosis [5]. They require tissue transfer in the form of grafts, flaps, or staged repair. Since the 1990s, the use of the buccal mucosal grafts to repair such complex anterior strictures has gained enormous popularity and acceptance due to its reproducibil ity and durable long term success rates of 85% and beyond [6–8]. Of significant debate is whether to place the graft ven trally or dorsally on the urethra. The dorsal approach seems cumbersome but the outcome is definitely better due to the mechanical support offered to the graft by the ventral aspect of the corporeal bodies [9–11]. We report on the successful application of the use of the oral mucosa graft dorsal onlay urethroplasty technique as described by Guido Barbagli [12] in a 14-year-old boy with a 7 cm Peno-bulbar urethral stricture at the Komfo Anokye