Browsing by Author "Acheampong, Emmanuel"

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    Acute Gastric Necrosis in a Teenager
    (Hindawi, 2020) Yorke, Joseph; Gyamfi, Frank Enoch; Awoonor-Williams, Ronald; Osei-Akoto, Ebenezer; Acheampong, Emmanuel; Acheampong, Emmanuella Nsenbah; Adinku, Michael Ofoe; Yamoah, Francis Akwaw; 0000-0002-5229-0340
    Gastric infarction is a rare condition often associated with high mortality due to a delay in diagnosis. The stomach which has a rich supply of blood is a rare site for such a condition. Gastric infarction has a long list of etiological factors. We report a case of a patient who was managed successfully following gastric infarction from gastric dilatation. An 18-year-old female student presented with a three-day history of abdominal pain associated with abdominal distension of two days. The abdomen was distended with generalized tenderness, rebound tenderness, and guarding. Bowel sounds were absent. Digital rectal examination was unremarkable, and a pregnancy test was negative. Biochemical tests were all normal. Intraoperatively, two litres of serosanguinous fluid was suctioned from the abdomen. About 300 mL of pus was suctioned from the pelvis. The gangrenous portion was resected, and repair was done in two layers using Conell and Lambert suture techniques. Acute gastric necrosis is a rare surgical condition that requires a high index of suspicion and prompts aggressive resuscitation and surgical intervention to obviate the high mortality rate associated with the condition.
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    Association of genetic variants with prostate cancer in Africa: a concise review
    (Springer Open, 2021) Acheampong, Emmanuel; Asamoah Adu, Evans; Obirikorang, Christian; Amoah, George; Afriyie, Osei Owusu; Yorke, Joseph; Odame Anto, Enoch; Adu Gyamfi, Michael; 0000-0002-5229-0340
    Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) has one of the highest heritability of all major cancers, where the genetic contribution has been documented, and knowledge about the molecular genetics of the disease is increasing. However, the extent and aspects to which genetic variants explain PCa heritability in Africa are limited. Main body: In this review, we summarize studies that highlight how identified genetic variants explain differences in PCa incidence and presentation across ethnic groups. We also present the knowledge gaps in PCa genetics in Africa and why Africa represents an untapped potential ground for genetic studies on PCa. A significant number of genome-wide association studies, linkage, and fine-mapping analyses have been conducted globally, and that explains 30–33% of PCa heritability. The African ancestry has a significant mention in PCa incidence and presentation. To date, the candidate gene approach has replicated 23 polymorphisms including dinucleotide and trinucleotide repeats in 16 genes. CYP17-rs743572, CYP3A4-rs2740574, CYP3A5-rs776746, CYP3A43-rs501275, and haplotype blocks, containing these variants, are significantly associated with PCa among some population groups but not others. With the few existing studies, the extent of genetic diversity in Africa suggests that genetic associations of PCa to African ancestry go beyond nucleotide sequence polymorphisms, to a level of environmental adaptation, which may interpret genetic risk profiles. Also, the shreds of evidence suggest that evolutionary history contributes to the high rates of PCa relative to African ancestry, and genetic associations do not always replicate across populations. Conclusion: The genetic architecture of PCa in Africa provides important contributions to the global understanding of PCa specifically the African-ancestry hypothesis. There is a need for more prostate cancer consortiums to justify the heritable certainties of PCa among Africans, and emphasis should be placed on the genetic epidemiological model of PCa in Africa.
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    A comparison of multiple imputation technique with linear interpolation method for time series data
    (SEPTEMBER, 2019) Acheampong, Emmanuel;
    This thesis evaluates the performances of Multiple Imputation Technique (MIT) and Linear Interpolation methods for the estimation of missing values in a time series data (CO2 emissions data under the Fuel combustion sub-category of the Energy sector. Under this sub-category, data of two codes namely; i) Energy industries and ii) Manufacturing Industries and Construction were used). The performances of both methods were then compared using two notable indicators; the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and the Mean-Square Error (RMSE). This thesis highlights some advantages and limitations of each method compared with the other, thereby providing suggestions on which method to be used under prevailing conditions.
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    Indicators for the assessment of prostate disorders at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hosptial (KATH)
    (NOVEMBER, 2016) Acheampong, Emmanuel
    This study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of various diagnostic tools for prostate cancer and also developed nomogram for the prediction of biopsy outcome among Ghanaian men presenting with prostate disorder at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital. A hospital-based cross-sectional prospective study conducted at the Department of Surgery (Urology Unit) Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH) December, 2014 to March, 2016. A total of 241 patients suspected of having prostate disorder based on abnormal digital rectal examination (DRE) and, or elevated prostate specific antigen (PSA) level underwent Trans rectal ultrasonography guided biopsy of the prostate. Evaluation of PSA, Prostate Specific Antigen Density (PSAD), DRE, prostate volume was done using receiver operating characteristics curve (ROC) analysis. These four diagnostic tools were combined into a single score to improve the diagnostic performance. Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) related characteristics and questions pertaining to international prostate symptom score (IPSS) was also employed to obtain relevant data. Stepwise logistic regression was used to determine the independent predictors of a positive initial biopsy. Two nomogram models were developed to predict the likely clinical outcome of prostate biopsies. ROC was used to assess the accuracy of the nomograms and PSA levels alone for predicting positive prostate biopsies. Prostate cancer was diagnosed in 63 patients out of 241 (26.1%). Benign prostatic hyperplasia was diagnosed in 172 (71.4%) patients and the remaining 6 (2.48%) had chronic inflammation. PSA on its own had a sensitivity of 98.4% and specificity of 16.3% respectively. PSAD had sensitivity and specificity of 84.1% and 56.7% respectively. DRE had a specificity of 69.8% but sensitivity of 67.4%. Significantly elevated levels of PSA and PSAD were observed among patients with PCa compared to patients without PCa. PSAD showed better accuracy (AUC=78.9) than PSA (AUC=77.8) and DRE (AUC=68.6) respectively for the individual diagnostic tools. Among the different combination of diagnostic tools, bioscore combination of DRE+PSAD+PSA had better accuracy (AUC=80.6) than PSAD+DRE (AUC=78.1) PSA+PSAD+DRE+ Prostate Volume (AUC= 76.7), and PSAD+PSA (AUC=71.5) respectively. PSAD+DRE had significant higher odds (19.52) than PSA+PSAD (19.52) and PSA+DRE (13.67). The prevalence of LUTS was 88.89%. Bladder storage symptoms was recorded at 88.59%, prostate enlargement based on DRE was 60.4%. PSA levels ≥4ng/ml gave a prevalence of 81.5% while prostate enlargement defined as PSA ≥1.5ng/ml gave a prevalence of 85.23%. The accuracy of nomogram I and II for predicting a positive initial prostate biopsy were 87.5% and 84.9% respectively Conclusion: Combined diagnostic performance of DRE+PSAD+PSA poses a better diagnostic accuracy. Bioscores for the combination of the diagnostic tools were significantly associated with increasing odds of prostate cancer detection upon logistic regression analysis. The most prevalent urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) were bladder storage symptoms and urgency. The accuracy of nomogram I and II for predicting a positive initial prostate biopsy was better than using individual diagnostic tools.