Inheritance of resistance to rosette virus disease in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

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August, 2015
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Groundnut rosette disease is one of the most destructive diseases militating against groundnut production in sub-Sahara Africa and Ghana in particular. The disease causes an annual losses of US$156 million across Africa. The development of resistant varieties is necessary to help curb the situation. A study was conducted to understand the inheritance pattern of the disease resistance. Knowledge of inheritance of groundnut rosette resistance is required to accelerate breeding of resistant varieties. Thus F1, RF1, F2, RF2, BC1, RBC1, BC2, RBC2 progenies were derived from crosses of Otuhia x Manipintar, Otuhia x Shitaochi, ICGV 01276 x Manipintar and ICGV 01276 x Shitaochi along with their parents were sown in a randomized complete block design at CSIR-CRI, Fumesua, under artificial infection. Disease diagnosis using TAS ELISA revealed the presence of GRAV antigens in the resistant samples analyzed. Resistance genotypes containing GRAV were considered to be resistant to the GRV and its sat RNA, but not the GRAV which causes no obvious symptoms by itself. Generation mean analysis was carried out to detect the nature of gene action responsible for the disease resistance inheritance. The results revealed that inheritance to groundnut rosette disease resistance is governed by both additive and non-additive gene effect. The data suggested that additive gene action effect was predominant on the resistance to the disease in all the crosses. Additive by dominance was the only form of non-allelic interaction observed. Analysis of variance showed significant difference (P≤ 0.05) among generation means. Mean reciprocal difference suggested the presence of maternal effect involved in the inheritance of resistance to groundnut rosette disease. Estimate of broad and narrow sense heritability indicates that genetic effect was larger than the environmental effects in this study. Negative heterosis over the mid-parent was observed for the rosette resistance. Pure line breeding with selection from early generation is suggested for the improvement of the trait, because the additive genetic effect contributed significantly in controlling the inheritance of resistance to GRD.
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A Thesis submitted to the Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Philosophy in Agronomy (Plant Breeding),
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