Formulation of weaning food using composite of maize groundnut and soybean and assessing its nutritional effect using animal model.

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2011-08-05
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In this study two composite weaning diets (Diet 1 and 2) made up of groundnut, soybean and maize were formulated. The diets were each in proportion of groundnut (1): soybean (8): maize (16). A control (Diet 3) made entirely of maize was also studied. Meanwhile, the difference between diet 1 and 2 were varietal. Diet 1 contained Anidaso variety while Diet 2 contained Salintuya 1 variety of soybeans. Material balance method was used to predetermine the nutrient to meet standards in the final product. The protein content of Diet 1 was 20.58%, with 10.65% fat and 64.39% carbohydrate. Diet 2 had 21.02% of protein, 10.71% fat and 64.06% carbohydrate. Diet 3 gave 9.54% protein, 3.92% fat and 80.36% carbohydrate. Iron and magnesium contents suited for infants between the ages of 0-5 months for diet 1, 2 and 3. Meanwhile calcium and phosphorus content for diet 1 and 2 were suitable both for children between ages of 0-5 and 5-12 months as compared to recommended dietary allowance for infants and children. Though the moisture increased marginally compared to changes in weeks, the microbial load count (Cfu/g) did not change significantly. Meanwhile, the level fell below allowable recommended range of 25- 250 Cfu/g. Sensory evaluation showed that sample C (Fermented Maize flour, Groundnut cake and blanch soybean(Anidaso) and cinnamon was the most preferred by both untrained and weaning babies with the help of their mothers. The animal study indicated growth and development in rat fed with diet 1 and 2, with no adverse biochemical and haematological effect with the exception of rats fed on Diet 3 which showed low growth and development with adverse biochemical and haematological disorders (P<0.05). A high and positive correlation existed (r-value) between anthropometric measurements (weight and length) and biochemical and haematological indices for rats fed on diet 1 and 2 with the exception of rats fed on diet 3 which showed weak correlation between anthropometric measurements and total protein, serum albumen and a negative correlation with haemoglobin. Though there was a high correlation between anthropometric measurement and WBC it was rather due to a disease condition as a result of the absence of soybean in diet 3. The formulation with soybean can therefore be used as a weaning food to improve upon the nutritional status of Ghanaian children and also help solve problems associated with protein energy malnutrition.
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A thesis submitted to the Department of Biochemsitry and Biotechnology in partial fufilment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science (Food Science and Technology)
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