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Title: | Anti-mycobacterial and cytotoxic activities of some selected medicinal plants and pharmacognostic studies of the most active plant |
Authors: | Atchoglo, Philip Kobla Amponsah, Isaac K. |
Keywords: | Anti-Mycobacterial Cytotoxic Medicinal Plants |
Issue Date: | 27-Jul-2021 |
Abstract: | Buruli ulcer (BU), caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans, is the third most important
mycobacteriosis disease after tuberculosis and leprosy. The disease usually affects the
skin and subcutaneous tissues. It is dominant in poor rural settlements and in rural
endemic settings of Africa where topical application of herbs and oral consumption of
plant extracts are used as first-line remedy instead of the WHO approved rifampicinstreptomycin (SR) for 8 weeks with surgery to correct deformities if necessary.
Medicinal plants used need to be validated and proven to be a source of
antimycobacterial agents. This study was undertaken to determine the
antimycobacterial properties and toxicity of some selected medicinal plants used for
the managing and/or treating of Buruli ulcer disease against M. ulcerans. The dried
extracts of 7 medicinal plants; Alstonia boonei, Cryptolepis sanguinolenta, Heterotis
rotundifolia, Nicotiana tobacum, Periploca nigrescens, Pycnanthus angolensis, and
Spathodea campanulata were subjected to in vitro antimycobacterial activity against
M. ulcerans using the Resazurin Microtiter Assay (REMA) and subsequently their
cytotoxicity was assayed on normal Chang liver cells via the Alamar Blue assay
method. Results showed that out of the 7 extracts, only four showed considerable
antimycobacterial activity; C. sanguinolenta P. angolensis, N. tobacum, and S.
campanulata. The susceptibility of the M. ulcerans varied between extract
concentrations ranging from 64 to 512 µg/mL. Pycnanthus angolensis and Cryptolepis
sanguinolenta showed marked antimycobacterial activity against the acid-fast bacilli
with the latter recording a high MIC of 64 µg/mL. Its active constituent, cryptolepine,
showed higher activity with MIC of 32 µg/mL even though this was lower than that of
the reference drugs, Streptomycin and Rifampicin which recorded MICs of 0.25
µg/mL and 0.125 µg/mL, respectively. All the antimycobacterial extracts showed 50%
cytotoxicity (CC50) ranging from 94 to 384 µg/mL compared to the reference agent
curcumin (CC50 value of 6.9 µg/mL). This study has provided the first report on the
antimycobacterial activity of P. angolensis, C. sanguinolenta extracts and the
compound cryptolepine against M. ulcerans. The results substantiate the use of some
of these plants for Buruli ulcer management and also a potential source of
antimycobacterial agents. However, care is to be taken when using them due to toxicity
levels. Pharmacognostic studies were conducted on the most active plant against M.
ulcerans and with less cytotoxicity against Chang liver cell line. This revealed thevi
surface data determinations, physicochemical parameters, extractives and
phytochemical screening of P. angolensis’ leaf and stem bark. These features may be
useful as a partial monograph for the quality control and correct identification of P.
angolensis. |
Description: | A thesis submitted to the Department of Pharmacognosy, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Award Degree of Master of Philosophy in Pharmacognosy. June, 2019 |
URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/14509 |
Appears in Collections: | College of Health Sciences
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